Mammography |
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What are the common clinical problems presenting as breast mass?Common breast masses are:
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What is the utility of the following imaging studies in the evaluation of breast mass?
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Mammography
Ultrasound
CT, Nuclear medicine scans and Thermography have no significant role in the evaluation of breast masses as of now.
MR: New developments in evaluating the utility of this imaging modality is on going. |
How is mammography done? What are the views?Answer
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What is the primary utility of mammogram?Answer
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How does mammogram differ with age?Answer
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What are the primary and secondary mammographic signs of malignancy?Answer
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Secondary:
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What is the most common type of breast cancer?Answer
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What are the mammographic findings of invasive ductal carcinoma?Answer
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What are the mammographic findings of invasive lobar carcinoma?Answer
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What is the role of radiologist in biopsy of breast mass?Answer:
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What is the classical appearance of fibroadenomas on mammography?Answer:
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What is the most effective modality for the detection of breast cancer ?
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While all of the above modalities can potentially detect breast cancer, mammography is still the gold standard for early detection. |
What are the risk factors for breast cancer?The main risk factors for breast CA are:
Birth control pills and smoking are not risk factors (this is frequently asked on USMLE). |
What conditions give rise to false positive suspicion for cancer breast?Answer Several benign breast conditions can produce a spiculated density which may be indistinguishable on mammography from carcinoma. Spiculated mass density has been encountered in:
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Screening mammogram reveals a suspicious lesion for cancer in left breast. No mass is palpable. How would you proceed?Answer
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Image Atlas for Mammography |
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Normal Mammogram |
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MR Mammogram |
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30 year old:
Smooth mass is infiltrating ductal carcinoma medullary type . THe BB indicates that it is palpable. |
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56 yr old :
Spiculated mass in upper breast indicating infiltrative ductal carcinoma. |
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Irregular clustered microcalcifications of ductal carcinoma in situ. |
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Fibroadenoma35 year old: Palpable smooth benign type mass. |
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Fibroadenoma64 year old: Palpable well delineated mass with irregular "pocorn" calcification. |
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UltrasoundCystSmooth anechoic mass with enhanced through transmission. White echoes posterior to cyst. |
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MammogramCystSmooth benign type palpable mass. |