Surgery

Direct surgical intervention with a bypass graft of SVC obstruction has been employed with limited success and high attendant morbidity. This procedure has been replaced by the use of chemotherapeutic and radiation regimens. The role of surgery is now limited to benign cause of SVC syndrome:

• Mass Lesions-Retrosternal Thyroid, Aortic Aneurysm
• Thrombosis-Thrombectomy
• Fibrosis-Bypass Grafting