Angiography

Venography is the gold standard by which we evaluate SVC syndrome. It provides the following information:

• Defines the best nature and extent of anatomic obstruction, including partial occlusion
• Details of collateral involvement

Controversy exists regarding the safety of this procedure. Two reported complications are:

• Excessive bleeding from the puncture sites due to increased intraluminal pressures
• Worsening of obstruction due to thrombotic complications of the dye

SVC
SVC