Learning Objectives:
1. Describe ureteric bud formation and induction of the mesoderm in the formation of the metanephrogenic blastema and renal tubule.
2. Describe ovarian and testicular formation and their use of the tubular system.
3. Explain the role of the mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts in the formation of the pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros.
4. Describe induction of the distal mesoderm in the formation of the ureteric bud and metanephrogenic blastema.
5. Describe differentiation of the cloaca and movement of the urorectal septum to establish the urinary bladder and rectum.
6. Describe the establishment of gonadal gender and differentiation of the testis and ovary.