Lesions: When a lesion is detected describe the type,
color, arrangement, distribution and consistency.
- Papule: Raised dome shaped lesion less than 0.5 cm. (Common
Nevi, Moles,
Cherry
angioma, Sarcoidosis
- Plaque: A slightly raised area which is not very deep
with a flat top and >0.5 cm . (Psoriasis)
Xanthelasma: Lipid deposits around the eyes.
- Wheal: Firm, edematous (peau de orange) plaque.
Evanescent and pruritic. (Hives)
- Macule: A flat area of discoloration,
between 0.5-1 cm in size. (freckles), bluish macule
(Mongolian spots).
- Patch: Macule larger than 1 cm in size. Monocytic Leukemia
- Maculo-papular lesion: Characetristics of macule
and papule. ( Sarcoidosis
Malignant Melanoma
Hypereosinophilic
syndrome, Lymphoma
)
- Rash
- Desquamation
- Striae: Prior stretch (pregnancy, loss of
obesity, Gardner Diamond syndrome)
- Excoriation: Infection (Scabies), primary skin disease (Eczema),
Systemic disease (Hodgkin's disease, Liver
disease)
- Scale: Flake of flat horny cells which is loosened from
the cells below (Psoriasis)
- Crust: Dried serum, blood or superficial skin cells or a
mixture of (Squamous cell
cancer)
- Scar: Reflects healing
- Atrophy: Loss of substance of Skin. Thinning of
epidermis, dermis or subcutaneous tissue. Ehler's Danlos syndrome
- Lichenification: Thickened skin with increased skin
markings (Lichen simplex chronicus)
- Keloid: Exuberant
scar formation
- Vescicle: Dome shaped, thin wall, less than
05.cm in diameter, filled with fluid (Leukemia
cutis)
- Pustule: Vescicle filled with pus. Less than 0.5
cm in size. (Acne pustule)
- Blister: Vesicle larger than 0.5 cm
- Bullae: Gas gangrene.
- Cyst: Deeply seated fluid (pus, blood or fluid)
filled cavity. < 0.5 cm in size. Fluctuation present.
- Fissure: Leniar cleavage in skin. Dermis
exposed, hence painful.
- Ulcer: Hole in skin. Heals with scar when it is
not malignant. (Squamous
cell
cancer)
- Erotion: Less deeper than ulcer
- Telangiectasia: a small spidery superficial vascular lesions.
Blanches with pressure. (normal in children and women. Liver disease)
- Petechiae:
Extravasation of blood. Does not
blanch with pressure. <0.5 mm.
- Spide Nevi: Blanches on compression. Cirrhotic.
- Purpura: larger patch of extravasation of blood.
( Senile, Steroid,
HenochSchonlein, ITP)
- Echymosis:(Coagulation defect)
- Hematoma
Hair distribution and color:
- Hair loss
- Tanner's stages
- Delayed hair growth
- Precocious puberty
- Aging
