Physiology of heart murmurs
Systolic murmurs:
- High pitched and heard best with diaphragm.
- Holosystolic: Throughout systole. (Mitral, tricuspid insufficiency,
VSD)
- Ejection murmurs: Diamond shaped (Aortic, Pulmonary stenosis).
- Starts after isovolumic contraction. Starts a bit after S1.
- High pitch, high velocity, high pressure.
Diastolic murmurs:
- Low pitched, low pressure, low velocity.
- Heard best with bell.
- Crescendo: starts soft and increases in intensity. Mitral
stenosis.
- Decrescendo: Dicreases in intensity. Aortic, pulmonary insufficiency.
- Rumble: Low pressure to low pressure. Mitral stenosis.
Innocent murmurs: