Knowledge Base

• Anatomy of breast
  • Consists of glandular tissue and fat
  • Breast Tissue extends to Axilla: Tail os Spence
  • Arterial supply
    • Internal mammary
    • Intercostal perforators
    • Lateral Thoracic
  • Venous drainage:
  • Innervation:

  • Lymphatic drainage pattern

    • Axillary nodes level 1,2,3

      • most of the breast drain into axilla.

      • pectoral nodes /  breast and anterior chest wall

      • sub scapular nodes / posterior chest wall and arm

      • lateral nodes/ arm

      • central (medial and apical) nodes/ drains all of the above three groups of nodes

    • infraclavicular

    • supra-clavicular nodes

    • internal mammary nodes

    • abdominal nodes

• Physiology of breast during menstruation, pregnancy, lactation and menopause
• Diseases affecting breast
• Pathology of lesions of breast
  • Paget's of nipple
  • Gynaecomastia
  • Fibroadenoma
  • Cystosarcoma Phylloides
  • Cancer
  • Lymphoma
  • Ductal cancer

  Ref:

  1. Review Dr. Thackery Gray's lesson, "Breast lecture".
  2. Physical examination and History taking by Barbara Batea