Knowledge Base

• Physiology of breath sounds
• Surface anatomy of Tracheo-bronchial tree and lobes of lungs
  • Bronchial breath sound over Trachea
  • Vescicular breath sounds over lung fields
  • Broncho-vesicular breath sounds in right interscapular and infraclavicular (medial end) regions
• Ventilation and intensity of breath sounds
• Normal relationship between alveoli and bronchial tree
• Sound tranmission principles
• Mechanism of production of adventitious sounds
• Ventilation and gravity relationship
• Surface anatomy of tracheobronchial tree
• Pathology of consolidation, cavitation, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, emphysema, Mass, infarct, asthma, and bronchiectasis.