Abnormal Finding
- Size
- Dilated
- Bilateral: ( Atropine, severe brain damage, profound hypoxia)
- Unilateral: (Adie's pupil, oculomotor nerve injury, benign anisocoria)
- Small
- Unilateral: (Horner's syndrome)
- Bilateral:
- Pinpoint, small, fixed and regular (Morphine, mitotic drops, pontine hemorrhage),
- Argyle robertson pupils
- Shape
- Irregular (Iridectomy, argyle robertson pupils)
- Light reflex
- Loss of direct light reflex: Afferent limb (Blind eye, disease of retina or optic nerve) or efferent limb (Oculomotor nerve injury)
- Loss of consensual reflex: (Efferent limb lesion of affected eye)
- Accommodation
- Loss of accommodation:
- Marcus gunn pupil: