Etiology
- Ascertain source is pulmonary
- Common causes: (differ in regular vs. massive)
- chronic bronchitis
- bronchiectasis
- bronchogenic carcinoma (50% present with minor hemoptysis)
- TB (historically #1)
- fungal disease
- bacterial pneumonia
- lung abscess (15% cases hemoptysis)
- pulmonary infarct
- cryptogenic (0.8-15%)
- less common: mitral stenosis, Goodpasture's, endobronchial foreign body,
bronchial adenoma, pulmonary AV fistula, coagulopathy
- Must suspect bronchogenic carcinoma in >40 yo smoker
- May result from metastatic carcinoma, typically breast, colon, or malignant
melanoma