Osmolality Disturbances



PHYSIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS

Cell Volume Regulation

Water Balance

SENSORS AND EFFECTORS.

THE ANTIDIURETIC RESPONSE.


NEGATIVE FEEDBACK.


HYPOTONIC DISORDERS

DEFINITION.

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS.

REDUCED SOLUTE DELIVERY TO DISTAL NEPHRON SEGMENTS.


PRIMARY EFFECTOR ADH EXCESS.

 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF SIADH

MIXED DISORDERS.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS.


DIAGNOSIS

DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF APPROPRIATELY VERSUS INAPPROPRIATELY INCREASED ADH CONCENTRATIONS

 TREATMENT


ACUTE CORRECTION OF HYPONATREMIA.requires immediate therapy. 


CHRONIC CORRECTION OF HYPONATREMIA.