Thorax Objectives

These objectives are meant to assist you in learning the anatomy of the thorax. It is assumed you are familiar with the anatomical components (i.e., bones, muscles, nerves, arteries, etc.).


  1. Understand the skeletal components and the joints that exist between these components
  2. List the contents of the intercostal spaces and their relationships (e.g. VAN).
  3. Recall the arterial supply, venous drainage and innervation of the thoracic wall.
  4. Describe the boundaries of the thorax, its inlet and outlet.
  5. Explain the layers of the pleural cavities as well as their reflections and recesses.
  6. Recognize the boundries of the mediastinum and the contents of each division.
  7. Demonstrate the relationships of structures in the mediastinum.
  8. Describe the surface projections of the margins of the heart, and its valves. How do the auscultation points differ from the surface projections of the valves.
  9. List the contents of the heart chambers, and flow of blood.
  10. Define the innervation of the heart and the conduction system.
  11. Summarize the development of the heart and great vessels and appreciate some of the more common congenital anbomalies that occur in this region.
  12. Visualize the course of the phrenic and vagus nerves and their relationships to mediastinal structures.
  13. List each of the components of the respiratory system beginning with the nasal cavity.
  14. Describe the anatomical relationship of the lobes of the lungs and their surface projections.
  15. Discuss the pulmonary circulation and the segmental distribution of the arteries and veins.
  16. Compare and contrast the muscles involved in quiet respiration and forced inhalation
  17. Describe the lymphatic drainage of the thorax.
  18. Identify anatomic structures in radiographic studies including X-ray, CT scans and MRI films.
    John A. McNulty, Ph.D.
    Last Updated: July 13, 2005
    Created: 1 March 1996