Muscles

• trapezius muscle
• latissimus dorsi muscle
• serratus anterior muscle
• levator scapulae muscle
• romboideus major and minor muscles
• posterior superior and inferior serratus muscles
• erector spinae muscle (3 parts: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
• transversospinalis muscles (e.g., short and long rotators).
• splenius muscle
• longissimus capitis muscle
• semispinalis capitis muscle
• posterior rectus capitis major muscle
• posterior rectus capitis minor muscle
• obliquus capitis inferioris muscle
• obliquus capitis superioris muscle

Nerves

• spinal accessory nerve (C.N. X1)
• thoracodorsal nerve
• long thoracic nerve
• greater occipital nerve

Arteries

• transverse cervical artery (superficial branch)
• thoracodorsal artery
• lateral thoracic artery
• dorsal scapular artery (or deep branch of transverse cervical a.)
• occipital artery (where it crosses the greater occipital nerve)
• vertebral artery (above the posterior arch of C1)

Other

• thoracolumbar fascia
• ligaments that interconnect vertebrae including:
  • ligamentum flavum
  • anterior longitudinal ligament
  • posterior longitudinal ligament
  • supraspinous ligament
  • interspinous ligament

  On the skeleton, you should find:

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  • the occipital protuberance
  • vertebra prominens (C7)
  • angles and borders of the scapulae
  • vertebral spinous processes
  • iliac crests.
  • transverse processes
  • spinous process
  • body
  • articular processes and facets
  • laminae
  • pedicles
  • transverse process of C1
  • posterior arch of C1

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  John A. McNulty, Ph.D.

  Last Updated: Feb 10, 1998 Created: January 24, 1997