The preliminary or 'scout' film (left image) shows normal bones and soft tissues. During the voiding phase (center image), the bladder wall appears to be smooth. The urethra is normal and there is no evidence of contrast material in the ureters (no reflux). The post void film shows that the bladder is empty and there is no extravasation of contrast outside the bladder.

Unless an x-ray film is taken while the child is urinating, one cannot evaluate the urethra and one cannot say whether the child has reflux (abnormal retrograde flow of urine up the ureters).

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© David A. Hatch, M.D., 1996