Abnormal Finding

Describe whether it is diffuse or localized enlargement. Size, consistency, tenderness and mobility should be reported. Pay particular attention to see whether the lower edge is palpable. In some the enlarged thyroid may extend into the anterior mediastinum below the sternal notch.

• Diffuse enlargement, soft, freely movable. (Endemic Goiter, Graves disease, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis)
• Multiple nodules: (Multinodular Goiter)
• Single Nodule: (Adenoma, Cyst, Cancer)
• Atrophy:

Common Thyroid Lesions:

Hyperthyroidism: Diffuse enlargement.

Multinodular goiter: Multiple nodules may extend into the anterior mediastinum below the sternal notch.

Cancer: Hard, rapid growth, fixed, regional. nodes.

Adenoma: Solitary nodule.

Thyroiditis: Diffuse, firm and tender.

Thyroglossal cyst: Localized, in midline, firm, moves with tongue protrusion