Knowledge Base
- Extra-ocular muscles (lateral view, frontal view)
- Describe action and innervation of extra-ocular muscles
- Anatomy of Orbit
- Oculomotor (III): Levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique
- Trochlear nerve (IV): Contralateral superior oblique
- Abducens (VI): Lateral rectus
- Role of Sympathetic system innervation of ocular musles: Partially to levator palpebrae superioris
- What are the innervations of muscles of the upper lid?
- What is palpabral fissure?
- What is the normal relationship between upper lid position and pupil?
- Course of cranial nerves III, IV and VI
- Oculomotor: Ptosis, eyes deviated outward, non-reactive large pupil and diplopia
- Trochlear: Diplopia during downward gaze
- Abducens: Inability to abduct with diplopia
- What is Nystagmus: Repetitive, oscillatory, jerky movements of eyes caused by an imbalance of the brain stem/vestibular control
- Horizontal: Vestibular lesion
- Vertical:
- Strabismus
- Convergent (Esotropia)
- Divergent (Exotropia)
Ref:
- Basic Ophthalmology for Medical Students and Primary Care Rsidents Americamn Academy of Opthalmology
- Castro, Mosby's....Neuroscience
- Dr. McNulty's lesson, "Master Muscle List".
- Dr. Thackery Gray's lesson, "Orbit lecture".